A unique 1,000-entry A-Z explaining the “nuts-and-bolts” of aviation and much else including the madman theory in international relations.
See detailed Table of Contents below but note outstanding entries such as
SURVIVORS DIED WAITING FOR HELP …
~ Notable for Girl Surviving 2-Mile Free Fall in her Seat
~ Notable for Cannibalism!
~ Notable for Being Worst-Ever Single-Aircraft Crash
AF447* Where CAPTAIN HAD ONLY A MINUTE to work out how to save them.
~ An unfortunate combination of human factors
~ Timeline of Disaster
WORLD WAR II
~ Albert Speer’s Assessment of Strategic Bombing (on Germany)
~ Strategic Bombing (On Japan)
~ The Two Atom Bombs
~ LMF (Lacking Moral Fiber)
~ Norden Bombsight—a Lie Suiting All Parties
~ V-1
~ V-2
HIJACKINGS AND BOMBINGS
~ 29 incidents from 1933 to 2001:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Flying Know It All
A
ACARS (Aircraft Communications, Addressing, and Reporting System) 9
ACAS (Airborne Collision Avoidance System) 10
Accelerate–Stop Distance on Runway 10
Accident Models/Accidentology 10
ACE (Agile Combat Employment): Dispersed “Austere” Airbases 11
Aces Learnt from Mistakes, Value of Confidential Reporting 12
Acronyms 13
Acronyms with Number for Repeated Letter [Military] 13
Active Sidesticks 14
“Adam” PA Code for Missing Child, “Bravo” PA Code to Scare People 14
Adaptive Cycle Engine (ACE) / Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) 15
ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) 16
ADIRU (Air Data Inertial Reference Unit) 16
~ Initiation (Alignment) of the ADIRU or IRS 17
Administration or Agency? [US Usage] 18
ADS (Automatic Dependent Surveillance) 18
ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance–BROADCAST) 18
ADS-C (Automatic Dependent Surveillance–CONTRACT) 20
AERCAP 21
AEW (Airborne Early Warning) 21
AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) Radar 21
Africa’s New Hub Airport, Ethiopian Airlines 22
After Burner 22
Age of Aircraft Is Measured in Cycles 23
Age of Pilot 24
AGL (Above Ground Level) 25
“Ahead of the Aircraft” and “Behind the Aircraft” [Meaning] 26
AI Changing Aviation 26
AI Changing Warfare 26
AIDS (Aircraft Integrated Data System) 27
Air Crash Survival Greater When Shock Dissipated 27
Ailerons 28
Air China (CA) Mainland China’s Flag Carrier 28
Air Crash Risk Now 40 Times Less than in 1960s and 1970s 28
Air Cushion Seats 30
Air Force One 30
~ “Marine One,” “Navy One,” and “Executive One” 31
~ Doomsday Plane (Boeing E4B) 31
Air Marshals 32
Air Rage 32
Air Traffic Clearance 33
Air Traffic Control (ATC) 34
Air Traffic Control: Facilities 34
Air Traffic Control: Pilot Interaction, Phraseology 35
Air Traffic Control: ATC as Career in US 37
Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) 38
Air Transport Association (ATA) [US] Now A4A 38
AIRBUS 38
Airbus A220 (A220) 2016*/250+
Airbus A300 (A300) 1974/561
Airbus A320 (A320) Family 1988/11,600+
Airbus A321XLR 49
Airbus A330 1994/1700 and Airbus A340 1993/1,600 49
Airbus A350 (A350) 900 2015/500+ 50
Airbus A350 (A350) 1000 2018/592+ 52
Airbus A380 2007/271 53
Aircraft Carrier 54
Aircraft Dispatcher [US],
Flight Operations Officer [Europe, Africa] 56
Aircraft Emergency Recovery Systems 56
Aircraft Registration Codes 56
Air-Launched Ballistic Missile (ALBM) 57
Air-Launched Cruise Missile (ALCM) 57
Airfoil [US], Aerofoil [UK] 57
Airframe 57
Airframer 57 Airline Codes 58
Airline Deregulation Act [US] 58
Airliner Nomenclature [Airbus A3xx] [Boeing 7×7] 59
Airlines for America (A4A), Formerly ATA 59
Airmanship 59
Airport Surface Collision Prevention Aids [US] 59
Airports 60
Busiest Airports 61
Largest Airports According to Area 62
Most Dangerous Airports 62
Airport Codes: Three-Letter IATA, Four-Letter ICAO Codes 65 Airships 65 Airspace Classification, A, B, C, D, E, F, G 66 Airspeed, Knots, Mach 68 Airstair, Parachuting via Airstair from Boeing 727 68
AirTag: Lost Luggage 69
Airway 69 Airworthiness Directive (AD) 70
Aisle 70 Aisle or Window Seat? Psychology 70
ALARP (As Low as Reasonably Practicable) [Risk in Military Context] 71
Alcohol Limits for Pilots 71
Airspeed Indicator (ASI) 71
Alerts 71
Algorithm 72
All-New Aircraft Design 72
Allergies: Great Downside Risk for Airlines 73
Alliance (Aviation Alliance) 75
Alpha α (Angle of Attack) [Airbus] 76
Alternate Law as Opposed to Normal Law [Airbus Protections] 76
Normal Law 76
Alternate Law 77
Altimeter 77
Radio Altimeter 77
Barometric Altimeter 78
Angle of Attack (AoA) (α) 79
Angle of Attack Sensors 79
Anhedral 80
Anti-Access/Area-Denial (A2/AD) 80
Antimissile Technology 81
AOPA (Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association) 81
Approach 81
Approach Control 81
Apron 81
Approval and Certification 81
Aptitude to Be a Pilot 82
APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) 83
Area 51 near Groom Lake 84
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Military Uses 84
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Civil Uses 84
Ashtray in Toilets 85
ASK (Available Seat Kilometers) 85
ASN (Aviation Safety Network) Database [List of Incidents] 85
Aspect Ratio 86 ASRS (Aviation Safety Reporting System) 86
“Assumed Temperature” [Boeing] “Flex Takeoff” [Airbus] 86
Astro-Inertial Guidance Systems 86
Asymmetric Flight 87 Asymmetric Warfare 87
ATA (Air Transport Association of America) 88
ATC Clearance 88
ATIS (Automated Terminal Information Service) 88
Attitude Indicator (AI), Artificial Horizon (AH) 88
Atom Bomb 89
ATPL (Airline Transport Pilot License) 89
ATPCS (Automatic Takeoff Power Control System) 89
ATR 89
~ ATR 42 1985/500 90
~ ATR 72 1989/1,000 90
Atropine/Belladonna, Nerve Agent Treatment 90
ATS (Air Traffic Service) 91
ATS (Air Turbine Starter) 91
Attitude 91 Attritable (“Cheap Enough to Sacrifice”) 91
ATTOL (Autonomous Taxi, Takeoff, and Landing Program 92
Autoland [Airliners] 92
Autoland [General Aviation] 93 Automated Takeoff 94 Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) 94
Autonomous Airliners: No Pilot/One Pilot 94
Autopilot 95 Autorotation (Autogiro/Helicopter) 96 Autothrottle/Autothrust 97
AUW (All-Up-Weight) 98
Avgas (Aviation Gasoline) 98
“Aviate! … Navigate! … Communicate.” 98
AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System) 99
Axes 99
B
“B” Designates Bomber, Not Boeing 101
Babies and Tots, Where to Sit with Them on an Airliner? 101
BAE Systems Plc [Uk]—Pronounced “B” “A” “E” 101
“Bank Angle!” “Bank Angle!” “Bank Angle!” 102
Barrel Roll 102
Base Leg 103
Bathtub Curve 103
Batteries 104
Beartrap, Enabling a Helicopter to Land on a Ship in a Rough Sea 104 Behavior Detection Officers 104
“Bingo Field” 105
Bird Strike 105
“Black Boxes” [Cockpit Voice and Flight Data Recorders] 106
“Bleeds off” Takeoff [Boeing] / “Packs Off” Takeoff [Airbus] 107
Blended Wing 107
Block Time 108
Boarding, the Most Efficient Way 108
BOEING 109
~ Boeing 247 1933/75 114
~ Boeing 2707/0, SST, Supersonic Transport 115
~ Boeing 367-80 (Dash-80) 1954/1 (Demonstrator) 116
~ Boeing 377 (Stratocruiser) 1949/56 116
~ Boeing 707 (707) 1958/1,010 and 117
~ Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker 1957/800 Approx. 117
~ Boeing 717 (MD-95/Boeing 717) 1999/156 118
~ Boeing 727 (727 Trijet) 1964/1,832 118
~ Boeing 737 (737) 1968/10,500+ 120
~ Boeing 737 MAX, and Crashes 121
~ Boeing 747 (747 Jumbo) 1970/1,574 122
~ Boeing 747-8 2012/155 124
~ Boeing 757 1983/1,050 125
~ Boeing 767 (767) 1982/1,038+ 126
~ Boeing 777 (777) 1995/1,689+ (Also Called Triple Seven) 127
~ Boeing 777X (777X) 2026? 127
~ Boeing 787 (787 Dreamliner) 2011/918+ 128
~ Boeing 797 New Midsize Airplane (NMA) Possible Project 129
~ X-66 NASA-Boeing Collaboration on Trussed Wing Airliner 130 Boeing/Airbus Duopoly Under Threat? 130
Boneyard 131
Borderline Pilots 131
Brace Position Can Be a Lifesaver 132
Brakes—Can Become Very Hot on Rejected Takeoff 134
Bravo (B) Airspace 134
Brevity Codes [Military Use] 135
Bugs 136
Bunker Buster 136
Bunt, Throwing Hijackers off Their Feet 136
Business Jet, Private Jet, Bizjet, Corporate Jet 136
~ US Is the Best Environment for Business Jets 139
C
C2 (Control and Combat) or (Command and Control) 140
C (Computer) 140
C-Check for Aircraft as Part of ABCD Checks 140
Cabin Air Is Cleaner than You Think 141
Cabin Temperature Seems Lower Because Air So Dry 141
“Cabins of the Future” (Sensory Seats Checking Your Well-Being) 141
CAM (Cockpit Area Microphone) 141
Canards 142
Cannibalization 142
Carbon-Carbon Composites (CCC) 142
Carbon Fiber Composite Polymer (CFCP) 143
Carbon Offsetting 143
Carbon Titanium Fan Blades 144
Cargo Hold Doors 144
Caravelle (Sud Aviation Caravelle) 1959/282 144
Cargo Hub and Spoke [US] 144
Cascade of Events 145
CAT (Clear Air Turbulence) 145
Category of Runway (Visibility for IFR Approach) 145
Cayley, George (1773–1857) 146
CDL (Configuration Deviation List) 147
CDU (Control/Display Unit) 147
Ceiling 147
Celestial Navigation 147
Center (Air Route Traffic Control Center) 148
CESSNA AVIATION 148
Cessna 172 1955/45,000+ 148
Cessna 182 1956/23,000+ 148
CFIT (Controlled Flight into Terrain) 149
Chaff 149
Chapter 11 of The US Bankruptcy Code 149
Charlie Bravo (CB)—Meaning Cumulonimbus 150
Checklist Paper/Digital 150
Check Captain 151
Checking-in and Security at the Airport 151
Chimes (Cabin Chimes) 151
CHINA 152
~ Civil Aviation 152
~ Military Aviation 153
~ China and US Requirements for Next-Generation Aircraft 154
~ DF-17 154
China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation (CASIC) 155
China Airlines (CI) 155
Chine 155
CHIRP [UK] (Confidential Human Factors Incident Reporting) [UK] 155 CFDF (Cockpit Flight Data Recorder) 156
CFDS (Centralized Fault Display System) 156
Circular Error Probable (CEP), Accuracy of an ICBM 156
Cleanskin 156 Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) 156
Clearance 157
Clearway 157
Cluster Bombs or Cluster Munition 158
Cockpit 158
Cockpit-Centric (as Opposed to Tower-Centric) 159
Cockpit Confidential 159
Cockpit Instruments and Controls 159
Cockpit Video Recorder? 160
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) 160
Coffin Corner 163
Cognitive Incapacitation 163
Cold Dwell Fatigue/Cold Creep Fatigue 163
Colgan Air Disaster Reforms, a Safety Watershed 163
Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA), Loyal Wingman 164
COLLINS AEROSPCE 164
COMAC (Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China) 165
Comet—World’s Ill-Fated First Jetliner 165
Command Responsibility 166
Composites 166
Compressor Stall (Engine May Emit Loud Bangs) 167
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) 168
Commonality 168
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 168
Concuspuity, Electronic Concuspuity (EC) 169
Configuration 169
Confirmation Bias 169
Connectors (Airlines Based on Strategic Hubs) 170
Contaminated Runway 170
Contested Airspace 171
Contrails/Vapor Trails 171
Control Area/Zone 171
Controlled Airspace 172
CONVAIR 172 ~ Convair 880 and 990, 1960/65 and 1961/37 173 Coordinated Flight 173 Coordinates 173 Coriolis Effect 174 Corruption—an Ever-Present Danger? 174 Corrosion 175 Cospas-Sarsat (Satellite-Based Search and Rescue) 176 Cost of Fuel for Airliners 176
Cost of Weapons, US Aircraft and Weapons Too Expensive 176
CPDL (Controller–Pilot Data Link) 177
CPL (Commercial Pilot License) 177
Crabbing (Landing Crabwise) 177
Crew Alerting Systems 178
Criminalization (Antithesis of No Blame) 178
CRM (Crew Resource Management) 179
Croc in Carryon Luggage 180
Cuban Missile Crisis 180
Cylindrical Fuselages 180 ~
D
Dado Panels in Cabin Floor and Skirtings 182
Dark Star 182 DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) 182 Data Mining 183 D. B. Cooper Mystery Where Hijacker Parachutes from Aircraft 183 DCDU (Datalink Control and Display Unit) 185
Defense Contractors 185 Deadheading 185 Dead-Stick Landing 186 Death on Board 186 Deceleron 187 Decision Height 187 Decompression (Loss of Cabin Pressure) 187 Decoys 189 De-icing (Anti-icing) 189 Delamination of Stealth Coating above Mach 2 190 Demonstrator vs. Prototype 190 “Densification” 190 Denver International Airport, Longest Civilian Runway in US 191 Depleted Uranium (DU) 191 Designations of US Military Aircraft 191 Detent 192
Deviation, Errors Made by Pilots 193 “DF” Chinese Missiles 193 “Dial a Yield,” Especially for Tactical Nuclear Weapons 193 Diego Garcia—US Indian Ocean Military Base 193 “Difference Training” When New Version of Aircraft Introduced 194 Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) Systems [Electronic Warfare] 194 Dihedral 195 Dimming Cabin Lights on Takeoff and Landing 195 “Direct Flight” or “Nonstop” Flight? 195 Directed Energy Weapons (DEW), Ray Guns 196 Disinsection (Destroying Insects) 197 Dispatch 197 Dispatcher, Aircraft Dispatcher [US] 197 Displaced Threshold 197 Distance to Theater of Operations 198 Distances 198 Diversion 198 DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) 198 DNIF (Duties Not Involving/Including Flying) 199 “Do Not Pair” List 199 DOC (Direct Operating Costs) 199 Dogfight 199 Doolittle Raid (World War II) 200
Doomsday Plane/National Airborne Operations Center (NAOC) 200 Doors and Overwing Exits 200 Doors (and Slides) 201 Doppler Effect 201 Douglas Aircraft Company 202 ~ Douglas DC-8 (DC-8) 1959/556 202 ~ Douglas DC-9 (McDonnell Douglas DC-9) 1965/976 203 Drag 203 “DragonFly” [Airbus] 205 Drift 205 Drip Stick/Float Stick for Measuring Amount of Fuel 206 Drones, Also called UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) 206 ~ The Different Types 206 ~ First-Person View (FPV) 207 ~ Civilian Drones 208 ~ Makers of Civilian Drones 208 ~ Military Drones 209 ~
Mothership Drones 210 ~ Fiber Optic Drones 211 ~ Smuggling Drones into a Country for Launching Anywhere 211 ~ Drone Makers for Military Apart From US 211 ~ The Mugin-5 Pro has: 212 ~ Bayraktar TB2 212 Drone Operator 213 Drone (UAV) Pilot 213 Drones as “Airborne Mine-Shields” 213 Drug Testing after Incident 213 Duct Tape?—Really Very Strong Aluminum Speed Tape 214 Dummy Attack/Phantom Attack 214 Dutch Roll 214 Dryden Flight Research Center (NASA) 214 Durability and Reliability [Engines Off-Wing] 215
E
Earhart, Amelia 1897–1937 216
EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) 216
easyJet 216
ECAM (Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor) [Airbus] 217
ECM (Engine Condition Monitoring) 217
Echelon 217
EFC Time (Expected Further Clearance) or Release Time 218
EGPWS (Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System) 218
EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature/Turbine Gas Temp.) 218
EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrument System) 218
EICAS (Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System) 219
Ejection Seat 219
ELAC (Elevator Aileron Computer) 219
Electrifying Aircraft 220
Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) 221
Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) 222
Electromagnetic Field Generator with Compact Fusion Reactor 223
Electronic Counter-Counter Measures (ECCM) 223
Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) 223
Electronic Warfare 223
Elevon (Elevator + Aileron) 224
EMAS (Engineered Material Arresting Systems) 224
EMBRAER 224
Emergency Descent 225
Emergency Frequency and VHF Guard 121.5 225
Emergency Locator Transmitter, Distress Tracker (ELT-DT) 225
EMP (Electromagnetic Pulse) [Nuclear War] 226
Empennage 227
Endurance 227
Engine Failure 227
Engine Maker 227
Engines 228
Engines Next Generation 228
Engines Under the Wings or at the Back? 228
Enhanced Airborne Flight Recorders (EAFRs) 230
Envelope “Pushing the Flight Envelope” 230
EpiPen 230
EPR (Engine Pressure Ratio) 230
ETOPS (Extended-Range Twin-Engine Operations Performance Standards) 231
EUCARE (European Confidential Accident Reporting) 231
Evacuation, the 90-Second Rule 231
Evacuation Dilemma 234
EUROCONTROL 235
Evaluating Enemy Aircraft 235
eVTOL (Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing) 235
EXCEPTIONAL ENTRIES 237
FAMOUS FEATS OF AIRMANSHIP 237
~ Captain Moody, BA Flight BA9, June 24, 1982* 237
~ Captain Pearson, Air Canada AC 143, July 23, 1983* 239
~ Captain Dardano, TACA Flight 110, May 24, 1988* 241
~ Captains Haines and Fitch, UAL 232, July 19, 1989* 241
~ Captain Piché, Air Transat 236, August 24, 2001* 242
~ Captain Gennotte, DHL Cargo, November 2, 2003* 242
~ Captain Sullenberger (Sully), US Airways Flight 1549, January 2009* 243
~ Captain de Crespigny, Qantas Flight 32, November 4, 2010* 245
SURVIVORS DIED WAITING FOR HELP … 246
~ Notable for Girl Surviving 2-Mile Free Fall in her Seat 247
~ Notable for Cannibalism! 248
~ Notable for Being Worst-Ever Single-Aircraft Crash 249
AF447* CAPTAIN HAD ONLY A MINUTE TO SAVE THEM 251
~ Basic Information Regarding Flight 252
~ Human Factors 252
~ Timeline of Disaster 254
~ Other Factors 264
~ Aftermath 266
WORLD WAR II 266
~ Albert Speer’s Assessment of Strategic Bombing (on Germany) 267
~ Ultimate Air Parity and Air Superiority 269
~ Strategic Bombing (On Japan) 269
~ The Two Atom Bombs 271
~ Lack of fuel crippled Germany’s war effort 272
~ LMF (Lacking Moral Fiber) 273
~ Norden Bombsight—a Lie Suiting All Parties 273
~ V-1 274
~ V-2 275
~ Kamikaze (Human Guidance System) 276
~ German Aviation Expertise and B-47 276
HIJACKINGS AND BOMBINGS 277
~ 29 incidents from 1933 to 2001: 277
SOURCES OF AVIATION INFORMATION 285
END of EXCEPTIONAL ENTRIES 287
Experimental Aircraft 287
Exponential Effect of Airspeed on Airfoils, 737 MAX 288
Extension (Runway Extension) 288
Eye Tracking 289
F
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) [US] 290
FAA Regulations 291
~ TFR (Temporary Flight Restriction) 291
~ Part 117 Flight and Duty-Time Limitations and Rest Requirements 292
Part 121 Regularly Scheduled Air Carriers 292
FAC (Flight Augmentation Computer) [Airbus] 292
FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) 292
False Flag 292
FANS (Future Air Navigation System) 293
FAR (Federal Aviation Regulations) 293
Faraday Cage 293
FAROS (Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal) 294
“Faster May Be Safer” 294
Fasteners 295
Fastest Air-Breathing Aircraft: NASA’s X-43 296
Fatigue (Human) 296
FBO (Fixed-Base Operator) 296
FCS (Flight Control System) 297
FDR (Flight Data Recorder) 297
Fello’fly, Flying Like Migrating Birds to Save Fuel [Airbus] 297
Fear of Flying, Aerophobia, Why When So Safe 298
Feather [Prop Aircraft] 299
Ferry Flight 300
Ferrying Distance [Military] 300
Fire Trucks 300
“Fighting at the Controls”—Journalistic Hype 300
Fin (Tail Fin); Vertical Stabilizer [US] 301
Final/Final Approach 301
Financing Airliners—Sell and Leaseback on Delivery? 301
Fire on Board 302
First Powered Flight by The Wright Brothers 303
First-Person View (FPV) 303
Five Eyes 303
Flak [Antiaircraft Fire in World War II] 304
Flameout 304
Flaperon 305
Flaps 305
Flare on Landing 307
“Flex Takeoff” [Airbus] and “Assumed Temperature” [Boeing] 307
Flight Controls, Primary and Secondary 308
Flight Data Management/Analysis (FDM/FDA) 308
Flight Data Recorder (FDR) 308
Flight Director (FD) 308
Flight Information Region (FIR) 309
Flight Level (FL) 309
Flight Time—Pilots Required for Long-Haul and Ultra-Long-Haul 310
Flight Training, Becoming an Airline Pilot? 311
Flight Mode Annunciator (FMA) 311
Flight Plan 311
Flight Plan for a Passenger Flying Long-Haul with a Stopover 312
Flight Simulator 312
Flight Time and Block Time 313
Flight Tracking 314
Floating 316
Flutter 317
Fly America Act 317
Fly by Wire (FBW) 317
Flying After Scuba Diving 318
Flying Skills—Good Judgment Most Important 318
FMGS (Flight Management Guidance System) 319
FOD (Foreign Object Damage/Foreign Object Debris) 320
Folding Wings 321
FOQA (Flight Operations Quality Assurance) 321
Fractional Orbital Bombardment Systems (FOBS) 322
Free Fall from 18,000 Feet 322
Freedoms (Overfly and Landing Rights) 322
FSEU (Flap/Slat Electronics Unit) 324
Fuel, Kerosene 324
Fuel Checks 325
Fuel Dumping 325
Fuel Gauge 326
Fuel MAYDAY 326
Fuel Reserves 326
Funneling (Navigation Paradox) 328
~ Letter G ~ 329
G (Force of Gravity = 1 G) 329
G-LOCK 329
GADSS (Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety Systems) 329
Gait Analysis/Facial Recognition 330
“Game-Changing” (Transitional) Years 331
Gander 332
Gartner Hype Cycle, Aviation Electric and Hydrogen Prospects 332
Geared Turbofan (GTF) 333
Gender Neutral Language, Inclusive Language [NASA] 334
General Atomics Aeronautical Systems 334
General Aviation (GA) 335
Generation (e.g., Fifth, Sixth Generation) 335
“Get-There-Itis” 335
Glass Cockpit 336
Glide Path/Slope 336
Glide Ratio—How Far Can Aircraft Glide with No Fuel? 336
Global Airspace Management—FIRs 337
GPS (Global Positioning System) 337
Global Combat Air Program (GCAP) 337
Global Warming Impact: 2.5 percent, or 4 percent if Contrails Included 337
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) 338
Go-Around 339
GPWS (Ground Proximity Warning System) 341
Graveyard Spiral and Spatial Disorientation (SD), Death Spiral 341
Grandfather Rights 342
Great Circle Route 343
Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent (GBSD) 343
Ground Effect 344
Ground Speed 344
~ Letter H ~ 345
HALE (High-Altitude Long-Endurance), MALE (Medium-Altitude LE) 345
HAPS (High-Altitude Pseudo Satellite) 345
HARM (High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile) 346
Handoff, to Hand Off 346
Hard Landing 346
Hardpoint 347
Heading 347
Head-Up Display (HUD) 348
Head-Wearable Display (HWD) 349
Headwind/Tailwind 349
“Heavy” 349
Height above Mean Sea Level (MSL) as Opposed to AGL 350
Helicopter 350
Hellfire Missile [includes R9X: Knife Bomb,” Flying Ginsu”] 350
Helmet-Mounted Display (HMD) 351
Hellscape, Thousands of Drones to Protect Taiwan 351
Herbst Maneuver 351
Hierarchical Gradient between Pilots, CRM 352
“High-Speed Climb” Request to ATC to Climb Without Flaps 353
High Bypass Turbofan Engines 353
High-Speed Trains, Maglev Train in Partial-Vacuum Tube 353
Highest Salaries for Airline Pilots 354
Hijack Protocols 355
HIL (Hold Item List) 355
HIMARS (High Mobility Artillery Rocket System) 356
Holding Pattern (Stack) 356
Hollow Charge, Shaped Charge 356
Home-Built Aircraft 2½ Times More Dangerous than GA 357
Horizontal Stabilizer (Tailplane) 357
HSI (Horizontal Situation Indicator) 358
Hub Buster 358
HUD (Head Up Display) 358
Human Error 358
Hydrogen 358
Hypersonic Missiles, Ramjet, Scramjet, Rocket 358
Hypoxia 361
~ Letter I ~ 363
IATA (International Air Transport Association) 363
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) 363
ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) 363
IED (Improvised Explosive Device) 364
IFE (In-Flight Entertainment) 364
IFF (Identification of Friend or Foe) 364
IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) 364
Illegal Intelligence Operative 365
ILS (Instrument Landing System) 365
IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions) 365
Incapacitation of Pilot 365
Inertial Reference System (IRS) 366
Infra-Red Search and Track (IRST) vs. Radar [military] 366
Insulation (Electrical, Thermal, Acoustic, Etc.) 367
Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS) 367
Intersection (Navigation Using Radio Aids/VOR) 368
ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) 368
ISTAR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance) 368
ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone) 368
~Letters J & K ~ 369
Jackscrew/Jack Screw 369
JADO (Joint All-Domain Operations) 369
Jane’s 369
JADOC2 (Joint All-Domain Command and Control) 369
“Janet” Call Sign for Secret Airline Flying to Area 51 369
JAPAN 370
Jeppesen 372
Jet Lag 372
Jet Stream Highway Across the Atlantic 372
Jetpacks 373
JFK (John F. Kennedy International Airport) 373
Job Opportunities at Airlines 374
Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) [US] 374
John Doe Immunity 374
Joystick 375
Judgment Errors 375
Just Culture as Opposed to a Blame Culture 375
Kapton 376
Knot (kt) (Nautical Miles Per Hour) 376
~ Letter L ~ 377
Ladkin, Peter Bernard 377
Lady Grace Drummond-Hay, “Around the World by Zeppelin” 377
“Laker’s Revenge” 378
Laminar Flow vs. Turbulent Flow 378
Lasers 378
“Last Class” 378
Launch Customer 378
Learning Curve (Aircraft Production Costs) 379
LAWS (Lethal Autonomous Weapons System) 380
Lawyers and Insurance Underwriters 380
LEO (Low Earth Orbit) 380
Leading Edge 381
Lease (Wet/Dry, and So On) 381
Legacy Carrier 382
Lethal Autonomous Weapons System (LAWS) 382
Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) 382
Life Vest—Do Not Inflate Prematurely! 383
LIFO (Last In, First Out) 383
Lift 383
Lithium Batteries, Danger Thereof 384
LMF (Lacking Moral Fiber) 384
LO (Low Observable) 385
Lobbyists 385
Localizer (LOC) 385
LOCKHEED (LOCKHEED MARTIN) 386
~ Lockheed Constellation Military 1943, Civil 1945/856 387
~ Lockheed Electra (Electra) 388
~ Lockheed TriStar (L-1011) 1972/250 389
Loiter Time (LT), Dwell Time 389
Lock-On-After-Launch (LOAL) 390
Lock-On-Before-Launch (LOBL) 390
Longest Scheduled Flight (Ultra-Long-Haul) 390
“LongShot” 390
Look-down Radar 391
Low-Cost Carrier (LCC) 391
Loss of Control In-Flight (LOC-I) 392
Loss of Situational Awareness 392
Low-Altitude Fuel Consumption 392
Loyal Wingman 393
LRASM (Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile) 393
LSA (Lowest Safe Altitude) 393
~ Letter M ~ 394
Mach 394
Maintenance Checks 394
MANPADS (Man-Portable Air Defense Systems) 394
Markings on Weapons Indicating Whether “Live” or “Inert” [US] 395
Manual Flying 395
Massive Ordinance Air Blast (MOAB), GBU-43/B 396
MAX Crashes—Southwest Airlines Insistence on No Extra Training 396
Maximum Height Airliner Can Fly 396
Maximum Take Off Weight (MTOW) 397
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight 398
“Mayday … Mayday … Mayday” 398
MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System) 399
McDonnell Douglas (MD) 399
McDonnell Douglas DC-10 1971/386 399
~ McDonnell Douglas KC-10 1981/64 [Tanker] 399
~ MD-11 1990/200 400
~ MD-80 Series 1980/1,191 400
~ MD-90 1995/114 400
Medical Tourism 400
Memory Items 401
Mental Health of Pilots 401
Metamaterial 404
METAR (Aviation Routine Weather Report) 405
Metric System 405
MCDU (Multi-Function Control and Display Unit) [Airbus] 405
Missile Defense 406
MH370 “The Greatest Aviation Mystery Ever” * 406
Microbursts and Wind Shear 408
Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020 (August 2020) 409
Largest (Planned) Military Transport Called “Windrunner” 409
Minimum IFR Altitudes 409
Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) 410
Missed Approach 410
MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle) 411
Missileer 411
Missiles [ICBMs, Hypersonic, Glide Missiles, etc.] 411
Mode 414
Mode C Intruder 414
MORA (Minimum Off-Route Altitude) 414
Most Profitable Airlines 414
Most Profitable Seats for Airlines 415
MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul) 416
Multifunction Display (MFD) 416
~ Letter N ~ 417
N1 and N2 (Engine Performance) 417
Nacelles 417
Nanodrones 417
Nanosatellite (Microsatellite) 418
Narrow-Body 418
NASA (National Air and Space Administration) 418
National Air and Space Museum (NASM) 418
National Airborne Operations Center (NAOC) 419
Navaid 419
NDB (Nondirectional Beacon) 419
“Near Miss” 419
Neutron Bomb 420
Next Generation Air Dominance Program (NGAD) 420
NextGen (Next Generation ATC System) 420
Ninja Bomb—Can Slice Through Housing or Motor Vehicles 420
nm (Nautical Mile) 421
No Fault Go-around 421
No Fly List 421
“Normal Accident” 422
Normal Law 422
NORTHROP GRUMMAN 422
Nose Wheel 423
NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) Has Become (To Air Missions) 424
Novichok, Nerve Agent 424
NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board) 424
NTSB Defines “Fatal Injury” as Causing Death Within 30 Days of Crash 426
NUCLEAR WEAPONS 426
~ MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) 426
~ Nuclear Triad [US] 427
~ Dead Hand, Called “Perimeter” by Soviets 428
~ “Madman Theory” in International Relations 428
~ McMahon Act 429
~ “Nuclear Football” 430
~ Thermonuclear Weapons 430
~ Detonation of First Russian, British, and Chinese Devices 430
~ “Broken Arrow”: Accident Involving Nuclear Weapons 430
~ Letter O ~ 434
Octas 434
“Odd-One-Out” Logic Not Always Valid 434
Oleo Pneumatic Shock Absorber 434
“Open Descent” and “Open Climb” 434
Open-Jaw (Ticket) 435
Open Skies Agreement 435
OPERATION PAPERCLIP 435
Operational Flight Data Monitoring (OFDM) 436
OSG (Open Systems Gateway), U-2, F-22, and F-35 436
Open Skies Agreement 436
Otto Aviation’s Celera 500L’s Remarkable 22:1 Glide Ratio 437
Outer Marker 437
Overrun 437
Overspeed 438
Over-Wing Exit 438
Oxygen Masks for Aircrew 438
Oxygen Masks for Passengers 439
~ Letter P ~ 440
Padeye or Pad Eye 440
Pairing of Aircrew 440
“Pan-pan!” 440
PAPI (Precision Approach Path Indicator) 440
Parachutes for Light Aircraft 440
Passenger Etiquette 441
Passports (Biometric) 441
PCU (Power Control Unit—Controlling Rudder) 441
Pentagon 442
People Ejected Due to Decompression 442
Perrow, Prof. Charles B. 443
Petrov, Stanislav: The Man Who Saved the World (1983) 443
PF (Pilot Flying) 444
PFD (Primary Flight Display) 444
Phonetic Alphabet 445
Phugoid 446
Phugoid Mode [Airbus] 446
Piddle Packs, Bladder Relief Devices 447
Piggybacking 447
Pilot Salaries 447
Pilot Training (Becoming a Pilot) 448
Pinger 449
Pipeline Flying to Build Up Flight Hours 449
PIREP (Pilot’s Reports) 449
Pitot Tube (Pitot Probe) 449
Planetary Gears/Cyclic Gears 450
Plus-Size Passengers 450
PNF (Pilot Not Flying/Pilot Monitoring) 452
Pod Strike 452
Pods under the Wings 453
Polaris Award [IFALPA] 453
Pork Barrel 453
PPL (Private Pilot’s License) 453
PPRuNe (Professional Pilots Rumour Network) 453
Pratt & Whitney 454
PRD (Pilot Records Database) 454
Preighter 454
Prevailing Wind 454
Project Sunrise (Qantas Ultra-Long-Haul Flights) 455
Propulsion-Controlled Aircraft (PCA—NASA) 456
Psychometric Evaluation of Pilots 457
~ Letter Q ~ 459
Q Codes (QNE, QFE, and QNH) 459
QACVR (Quick Access Cockpit Voice Recorder) 460
QUANTUM PHYSICS, THE BASICS 460
~ Quantum Computers 461
~ Quantum Communication and Cryptology 462
~ Quantum Inertial Reference Systems 462
~ Quantum Radar 463
Quick Access Data Recorder (QADR) 463
QRH (Quick Reference Handbook) 463
~ Letter R ~ 465
RAAS (Runway Awareness and Advisory System) 465
Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) 465
Radial 467
Radiation (Ionizing Radiation) 467
Radio Altitude as Opposed to Barometric Altitude 467
Radio Communications with Air Traffic Control 467
Rail Gun 468
RAM (Radar Absorbing Material), for Stealth Aircraft 468
Ram Jet 468
Ramp 468
Ramp Freeze, Airport Brought to Standstill for VVIP 469
Ranging 469
“Rapid Dragon” Air-Launch Cruise Missile Deployment [US] 469
RAT (Ram Air Turbine) 470
RDD (Radiological Dispersal Devices) 470
Rear Bulkhead 470
Rear-Mounted Engines 470
Reason, Prof. James 471
Red-Eye 471
Redispatch 471
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) 471
Redundancy: FAA Definition, EASA Definition 472
Reference Design for New Aircraft, Airframe Optimization 472
Regional Turboprops 472
Rejected Takeoff 473
Relight 473
Repairs to Fuselage, Especially After a Tailstrike 473
Replicator: Pentagon Plan for Thousands of Cheap Drones 475
Resilience 475
Resonance Phenomena 476
“Retard” [Airbus Auto-Callout Say at 20 Feet on Landing] 477
Reverse Engineering 477
RIMCAS (Runway Incursion Monitoring and Collision Avoidance System) 478
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) 478
Ring Laser Gyroscope (RLG) 478
RNAV (Area Navigation) 479
“Roger” 479
Rollover (Helicopter) 479
Rolls-Royce 480
ROT (Rate of Turn) 480
ROWOPS (Runway Overrun Warning Overrun Protection System) [Airbus] 480
RPAAS Remotely Piloted and Autonomous Aircraft Systems 481
RPK (Revenue Passengers Kilometers) 481
RTX (Raytheon) 481
Rudder 482
~ Rudder and Nosewheel Steering on Runway 483
Ruddervators/V-Tail 483
Runways and Their Markings 483
Runway Excursion 487
Runway Incursions 487
Runway Length, Longest Runways in US ### 487
Runway Safety Area (RSA) 488
Runway Visual Range (RVR) 488
Roster 488
RUSSIA AND EASTERN EUROPE including Ukraine 489
~ Antonov An-124 Ruslan 1986/55 489
~ Antonov An-225 Mriya 1988/1 489
~ MiG-15 1949/13,130 Plus 4,000 or More under license 490
~ Su-34 491
~ YARS ICBM 491
~ Sarmat RS-28 (Satan 2) ICBM (Silo-Based ICBM) 492
~ Avangard Hypersonic Glide Vehicle 493
~ Ilyushin Il-80 Russia’s Doomsday Aircraft 493
Russian Airspace Not Available for “Western” Carriers 493
RVR (Runway Visual Range) 494
RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minima) 494
~ Letter S ~ 495
Sabotage (First Proven Case) 495
SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) 495
Safest Seat 495
Safety, “Accidentology” 497
Safety Briefing 498
Safety of Particular Aircraft 498
Safety of Particular Airlines 499
Safety Pilot 499
Salary Pilots, etc. 499
Sam Chui 500
Sarin 500
SARPS (Standards and Recommended Practices) 500
Satellites 500
“Scope” Agreement Limiting Seats Regional Airlines Allowed 501
Screening of Passengers, Luggage, and Freight 501
Seaplane, Flying Boat, and Floatplane 503
Seat Belts 504
Seat Pitch 504
Seat Selection 504
Seats in Airliners 505
SEC (Spoiler Elevator Computer) 505
Self-Defense Training for Cabin Crew 505
Self-Healing 506
Sensors, Not Only the Eyes, and Ears … 506
Service Ceiling, 43,000 Feet (Airliner), 51,000 Feet (Private Jet) 506
Sharing Expenses (GA Pilots Must Be Making Trip for Own Reason) 507
SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) 507
Shoe Bomber (Richard Reid) 507
Showers (On Board) 509
SIDA (Security Identification Display Area) 509
Sidestick, Sidestick Controller (SSC) 509
SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) 510
SIGMET (Significant Meteorological Information) 511
Single-Pilot Operation 511
Sixth-Generation Fighters, US, China, Russia, and Joint Projects UK, Etc. 511
Size of Pilot 511
Skidding and Sideslipping 512
Skunk Works 513
Skyborg Weapons Systems 514
SLOP (Strategic Lateral Offset Procedure) 514
Slot 514
“Smart Seat” 515
SMO (Since Major Overhaul) 515
Smoking on Airliners 516
Smoothest Landings, the First Officer or Captain? 516
SMS (Safety Management Systems) 517
SOCOM (Special Operations Command) [US] 517
Somatogravic Illusion, Felt by Passengers and Pilots 517
Sonic Boom 518
SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) 518
Speed Tape 519
Spitfire (Legendary World War II Fighter) 519
Spoilerons Instead of Ailerons 519
Spoilers 520
Spot Height 520
Spy Planes—Reconnaissance Aircraft 520
Squirt 521
Squawk Codes from Aircraft Transponder 521
SSR (Secondary Surveillance Radar) 521
“SSSS” (Secondary Security Screening Selection) [US] 522
SST (Supersonic Transport) US Response to Concorde 522
Stabilized Approach 522
Stall 523
Standoff 523
Starlink, Elon Musk’s Satellites, and the War in Ukraine 524
Startle Effect 524
Static Pressure 524
Static Wicks/Static Discharge Wicks 524
STCA (Short-Term Conflict Alert) [ATC] 525
Stealth—Making Military Aircraft Less Visible 525
Stealth over Speed, F-35 Lightning II 527
Step Climb 527
Sterile Cockpit Rule 528
Stick Shaker 528
Straight-In (Landing) 528
Strakes 528
Strategic Bombers 529
Strike-Fighter (F/A) 529
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) 529
Submarines 529
Submarine Conning Tower, Now Called Sail, Fin, Stabilizer 531
Suborbital and Orbital—Meaning 531
Subsonic Flight 532
Subtle Incapacitation of Pilot 532
Super Guppy 1965/5 [Beluga, Beluga XL, and Dreamlifter] 533
Supersonic Airliners 533
~ Concorde (Anglo-French Supersonic Transport) 535
Supersonic Flight (>Mach 1) 536
Supersonic Transport (SST) [US] 537
Surveilling Entire City, Gorgon Stare (Wide-Angle Motion Imagery) 537
Survivability [US Navy Vessels] 538
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) 538
Sustaining Military Aircraft 538
Swarm 539
Swing Wing Aircraft—Weight of the Mechanism 539
Swiss Cheese Accident Model 539
Synthetic Airspeed System/Synthetic Air Data 540
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 540
~ Letter T ~ 542
TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation) 542
Tactical and Strategic Thermonuclear Weapons 542
Tailplane 543
Tailstrike/Tail Strike 543
Takeoff Distance 544
Taking Off (Critical V-Speeds) 544
Taking Off (Taxiing, Takeoff Roll, Liftoff) and Landing 545
Task Saturation 547
TAWS (Terrain Avoidance and Warning System) 548
TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System) 548
TCDS (Type Certificate Data Sheets) [FAA] 550
Technical Air Intelligence (TAI) [Akutan Zero, World War II] 550
TERCOM (Terrain Contour Matching) 551
Terrain Matching 551
TFR (Temporary Flight Rule) 552
THAAD Missile System (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) 552
THALES 552
“The Jet Business” Showroom for Sales of Business Jets 553
Thermals 553
Thermobaric Weapons, Aerosol Bombs (Vacuum Bomb) 553
“Threat Level” Definition Enabling ATC to Grasp Danger 554
Threshold 555
Thrust Vectoring 555
THS (Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer) 555
THS-OVM (Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer Override Module) 555
Tibetan Plateau 556
Tilt Rotor Helicopter 556
Titanium 556
TOGA (Takeoff/Go-Around) 556
Toilets 556
Tombstone Technology, “Tombstone Agency” 557
Top of Descent 558
Touch and Go 558
TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control) 558
Track 558
Transponder 558
Traffic Pattern 559
Transition Altitude (TA) 559
Transport Aircraft [Military] 560
Trim (Adjusting the Trim) 560
TSA (Transportation Security Administration) 561
Trident (Hawker Siddeley Trident) 1964/117 561
Turbulence in General 562
Turbulence Resulting in Injuries to Passengers and Crew 563
Turn and Bank Indicator 565
Two-Person Rule 565
Two Persons in the Cockpit Rule 566
~ Letters U & V ~ 567
U-2 “Dragon Lady” 567
UAM (Urban Air Mobility), Air Taxis 567
UAS (Unmanned Aerial Systems), the New IED 569
UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) 569
UCAV (Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle) 569
UFO Now Called UAP (Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena) 569
Ullage 570
Ultra-Elite 570
Ultralight Aviation (Microlight Aviation) 571
“Unable!” 572
Unbundling 572
Undercarriage/Landing Gear 572
Unintended Consequences of Guerilla Action 573
Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) 574
US AIR FORCE (USAF) and Other Branches 574
~ “Special” Programs 574
~ Integration of Platforms, Sensors, and Troops 575
~ Specialist Magazines with Info for Other Countries 575
~ Summary of Platforms and Missiles 575
~ ~ B-2 Spirit, Stealth Bomber 1997/21 577
~ ~ B-21 Raider 578
~ ~ Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon 1978/4,600+ 579
~ ~ Lockheed F-22 Raptor 2005/195 579
~ ~ Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird 1966/32 579
~ ~ Lockheed F-35 Lightning 2 580
~ ~ Lockheed SR-72 “Son of Blackbird” 581
~ ~ Lockheed C-130 Hercules Family 1956/2,700+ 581
~ ~ Lockheed C-130J Super Hercules 581
~ ~ Lockheed C-5 Galaxy 1969/131 582
~ ~ Lockheed U-2 (Lockheed Skunk Works) 1956/104 582
~ ~ V-22 Osprey 2007/400+ 584
~ ~ Doomsday Plane 584
~ DRONES 584
~ ~ MQ-1 Predator Drone 1995/360 (285 RQ-1, 75 MQ-1) 584
~ ~ RQ-4 Global Hawk 2001USAF/40? 585
~ ~ MQ-4C Triton Drone 2018/65+? 585
~ ~ MQ-9 Reaper Drone 2007/310+ 586
~ ~ Roadrunner 586
~ ~ MQ-9B “SeaGuardian” 586
~ MISSILES [Examples only] 587
~ ~ LGM-35A Sentinel 587
~ ~ Patriot Missiles 588
USA (United Space Alliance) 588
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time/Zulu) 588
V-Speeds 588
Vacuum Bomb 589
Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) 589
VASIS (Visual Approach Slope Indicator System) 589
~ PAPI (Precision Approach Path Indicator) 589
VC10 (Vickers VC10) 1964/54 590
Vents in Cabin Floors 590
Vertical Flight Society 590
Vertical Speed, Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) 591
Vertical Stabilizer (Tailfin) 591
Vertiport 591
VFR (Visual Flight Rules)—as Opposed to IFR 592
VHF (Very High Frequency) 592
Victor Iannello, Radiant Physics [MH370] 592
Viscount (Vickers Viscount) 1950/445 592
VOR (Very High-Frequency Omnidirectional Range) 593
VTOL (Vertical Takeoff and Landing), eVTOL 593
~ Letter W ~ 594
WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) for GPS 594
Wake Surfing/Riding 594
Wake Turbulence 594
Washington, DC 595
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) 595
Weather Radar 595
Weighing Passengers 595
~ Impact of Passenger Weight on Ultra-Long-Haul Flights 597
Whittle, Frank, Gloster Meteor Fighter in World War II 597
Whiteout 599
Whole Aircraft Recovery Parachute System 599
Why Are Most Airliners Painted White? 599
Wicks 600
“Wild Weasels” Preemptively Suppressing Enemy Air Defenses [US] 600
Wind Tunnel 601
Windows of Airliner 601
Windscreen/Windshield 601
Windsock 602
Wing 602
Winglet and Sharklet 602
Wiring and Wi-Fi (Special Wave Band) 603
WSI Weather Information for Pilots 603
WSPR (Weak Signal Propagation Report) [MH370] 603
~ Letters X, Y & Z ~ 605
X-, Y-, Z-Axes 605
Yaw 605
Your Life Is Worth How Much? 605
Zell (Zero Length Launch) System 606
Zeppelin 606
Zulu (GMT/UTC) 606
~ Numbers ~ 607
1934 Air Mail Act [US] 607
2030s 607
5G Impact of Cellular Phone on Radio Altimeters [US] 607
9/11: Two Unarmed F-16s Scrambled to Down 4th Airliner 608
TABLE OF CONTENTS 611
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 638
APPENDIX 639
C